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Summons: what it means

A summons is a court document that tells you that you are being sued or must appear before the judge. The person suing you prepares it, the court issues it, and a sheriff or another authorized person delivers it to you.

In Spanish it is

Citación judicial (summons)

Also written as: court summons

The full explanation

It says how many days you have to respond in writing or appear. If you do not respond in time, the court may enter a judgment against you without hearing your side (a default judgment). Responding does not mean you agree that you owe. If it is an eviction case, you can call the court clerk to ask about your deadline.

An example

An officer hands Rubén a summons over a credit card debt. Instead of putting it in a drawer, he reads the deadline, looks for free legal aid and files his answer on time.

You will see it in…

  • The papers a sheriff or process server hands you
  • An eviction or debt collection lawsuit
  • Your county court's self-help page

Words that go with it

You will rarely see this word alone. These are the ones that show up with it on the same papers.

A man leans over the armchair where a girl is reading a book.

Still confused by a paper?

A HUD-approved housing counselor can walk you through it. Agencies usually charge little or nothing, many work in Spanish, and they do not sell you anything.

Official sources

We sum up what these official sources say, in plain words. We add no rules they do not state; when a rule changes, the definition and its date change.

  1. 1. Legal Information Institute (Cornell Law School) · Summons (external site) · in English · Verified on October 17, 2026
  2. 2. CFPB · What should I do if I'm sued by a debt collector or creditor? (external site) · in English · Verified on October 17, 2026
  3. 3. CFPB · What to do if you're facing eviction (external site) · in English · Verified on October 17, 2026