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County in Wisconsin

Lafayette County, Wisconsin

Lafayette County is a county in Wisconsin with 16,942 residents, No. 58 of 72 by population. In Lafayette County, the FHA loan limit for a one-unit home is $541,287, and a typical home is worth $194,500. To rent a 2-bedroom apartment at Fair Market Rent ($1,014 a month) without going over 30% of your income, you need to earn about $19.50 an hour.

Four numbers to start with

  • Typical home price

    $194,500

    −27% vs. Wisconsin −42% vs. U.S.

    Half of owner-occupied homes are worth more and half are worth less.

    • Lafayette
    • Wisconsin
    • United States

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Average 2020–2024

  • Fair market rent, 2 bedrooms

    $1,014 a month

    −19% vs. Wisconsin −42% vs. U.S.

    HUD's reference rent for a two-bedroom apartment, with basic utilities.

    • Lafayette
    • Wisconsin
    • United States

    Source: HUD, Fiscal year 2027

  • FHA limit 2026, 1 unit

    $541,287

    FHA national floor limit

    The most you can borrow with an FHA loan for a one-unit home here.

    • Lafayette
    • Floor
    • Ceiling

    Source: HUD, 2026 data

  • Property tax

    1.57% of value per year

    +11% vs. Wisconsin +67% vs. U.S.

    $3,053 a year for the typical owner

    • Lafayette
    • Wisconsin
    • United States

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Average 2020–2024

Market now, with Zillow data

Zillow data
Typical home value
$250,604
8.1% more than 12 months ago
Typical home value from Zillow, September 2021 to September 2026: from $187,018 to $250,604.

From Zillow (ZHVI), September 2026. The Census figures above are 5-year averages (2020–2024).

Data from October 2026

In short

What is housing like in Lafayette County today?

With an FHA loan and the minimum down payment, a typical home would cost about $1,715 a month: 27% of the typical household income here. The typical home value is 27% less than in Wisconsin overall. 80% of households own their home, more than in Wisconsin (68%). The typical property tax is $3,053 a year (about 1.57% of home value), lower than in Wisconsin.

38% of renter households spend 30% or more of their income on housing, less than in Wisconsin (44%). There are 2 agencies with HUD-approved housing counselors who speak Spanish near here.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau (Average 2020–2024); HUD (Retrieved November 6, 2026).

Only here

What sets Lafayette County apart

  1. Lafayette County has the lowest typical home value in its area: $194,500, less than any of its 6 neighboring counties; next is Richland County ($197,500).

  2. According to Zillow, in the 12 months to September 2026 the typical home value in Lafayette County rose 8.1%; in Wisconsin, it rose 5.1%.

  3. From 2020 to 2025, home prices in Lafayette County rose 54% on FHFA's index, slower than in Wisconsin (57%).

  4. 15% of households in Lafayette County have no internet at home, against 7% in Wisconsin.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau (Average 2020–2024); Zillow (September 2026 data); FHFA (2025 data). Zillow data

The homes here

Housing in Lafayette County

What homes there are in Lafayette County, what they cost, how that changed and how people live, from Census figures (2020–2024).

What homes there are

U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-year, 2020–2024

Kind of home
Kind of home: Lafayette County and its comparisons
MeasureLafayette CountyWisconsinUnited States
Detached house 84%66%61%
Attached house 2%4%6%
Building of 2 to 4 4%9%8%
Apartments (5 or more) Unreliable estimate17%19%
Mobile home 5%3%6%
Boat, RV and other Unreliable estimate0%0%

The detached house rules in Lafayette County: 84% of homes, more than in Wisconsin (66%).

Year built
Year built: Lafayette County and its comparisons
MeasureLafayette CountyWisconsinUnited States
Before 1960 46%33%26%
1960–1979 22%24%24%
1980–1999 16%22%25%
2000–2009 11%13%14%
2010 or later 6%9%11%

In Lafayette County, half of the homes were built before 1966; in Wisconsin, before 1975.

In Lafayette County, 69% of homes have 3 bedrooms or more, more than in Wisconsin (60%).

All homes, occupied or empty. A figure the Census cannot measure precisely enough here is not shown.

Census tables: B25024, B25034, B25035, B25041

What it costs here

U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-year, 2020–2024

Value of owner-occupied homes
Value of owner-occupied homes: Lafayette County and its comparisons
MeasureLafayette County
Under $100K 16%
$100K–$200K 36%
$200K–$300K 22%
$300K–$500K 17%
$500K–$750K 5%
$750K–$1M 1%
$1M or more 3%

The FHA loan limit for this county is $541,287, and about 91% of owner-occupied homes in Lafayette County are worth less than that.

Monthly rent with utilities
Monthly rent with utilities: Lafayette County and its comparisons
MeasureLafayette County
Under $500 13%
$500–$999 58%
$1,000–$1,499 19%
$1,500–$1,999 Unreliable estimate
$2,000–$2,499 Unreliable estimate
$2,500–$2,999 Unreliable estimate
$3,000 or more Unreliable estimate

By rent, most homes in Lafayette County cost less than HUD's 2-bedroom fair market rent ($1,014): about 72%.

With a mortgage

$1,530 a month

Wisconsin: $1,689 a month

Without a mortgage

$600 a month

Wisconsin: $659 a month

Owners with a mortgage

58%

Wisconsin: 61%

Owning costs less in Lafayette County: with a mortgage, the typical cost is $1,530 a month; in Wisconsin, $1,689. Without one, $600.

Value: what owners think their home is worth. Rent: rent plus utilities, for homes of every size. The FHA limit is the most an FHA loan (Federal Housing Administration) lends for a one-unit home; the fair market rent (FMR) is the one HUD uses for housing vouchers.

Census tables: B25075, B25063, B25088, B25081

How it changed

U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-year, 2015–2019 and 2020–2024

Change since 2015–2019
Change since 2015–2019: Lafayette County and its comparisons
MeasureLafayette CountyWisconsinUnited States
Typical home value +39%+48%+53%
Typical rent +16%+27%+33%
Typical household income +26%+26%+29%

The typical home value in Lafayette County rose 39% since 2015–2019, less than in Wisconsin (48%).

Since 2015–2019, the typical rent in Lafayette County rose 16%, less than in Wisconsin (27%).

While home values in Lafayette County changed +39% and rent +16%, the typical household income rose 26%.

Change between two 5-year periods that do not overlap, in each period's dollars, not adjusted for inflation.

Census tables: B25077, B25064, B19013

How people live

U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-year, 2020–2024

How people live: Lafayette County and its comparisons
MeasureLafayette CountyWisconsinUnited States
Rental vacancy Unreliable estimate4.5%5.5%
Homeowner vacancy Unreliable estimate0.5%0.9%
More than one person per room 2.1%1.7%3.4%
People per household 2.492.332.53
Drive alone 75%74%69%
Carpool 7%7%9%
Public transit Unreliable estimate1%3%
Walk or bike 4%3%3%
Work from home 13%13%15%
Other means 2%1%2%
Typical commute 20 to 29 minutes10 to 19 minutes20 to 29 minutes

Much as in Wisconsin, 2.1% of households in Lafayette County have more than one person per room.

On average, a household in Lafayette County has 2.49 people, more than in Wisconsin (2.33).

In Lafayette County, 75% of workers drive alone to work; in Wisconsin, 74%.

Vacancy: empty homes offered for rent or for sale. Rooms: every room in the home, not only bedrooms. Commute: the minute range of the typical worker.

Census tables: B25004, B25003, B25014, B25010, B08301, B08303

Do the math

What would you pay each month in Lafayette County?

A typical home is within reach of the typical income

We start with a typical home of $194,500, an FHA loan with 3.5% down and the latest average rate (7.18%). That payment would take 27% of the typical household income here, which is $76,462 a year.

Your numbers

Local data
$

Starts at the typical home value in Lafayette County. Change it to the price you have in mind.

Loan type
Your credit score

Your score changes which loans apply and FHA's minimum down payment. Your real rate also depends on your credit.

Down payment
%

That is $6,808 (3.5% of the price). The usual minimum for this loan is 3.5%.

This week's average ± a quarter or half point.

Term

National average as of November 5, 2026 (Freddie Mac); your rate may be different.

Adjust advanced details

Estimated monthly payment

Local data

$1,715

at 7.18% · 30 years

Loan amount
$190,977
Total interest
$274,771
Paid off in
November 2056

Includes $3,285 FHA upfront mortgage insurance premium.

Does it fit the income?

  • Comfortable

    up to $1,784 a month

    Your payment · 27%

  • Tight

    $1,784 to $2,294 a month

  • Hard

    more than $2,294 a month

Compared with the typical household income in Lafayette County ($76,462 a year). Reference: HUD calls paying more than 30% of income for housing a cost burden.

Show the result as
per month$1,715
Monthly payment breakdown
Principal & interest$1,294
Property tax$255
Home insurance$81
FHA mortgage insurance (MIP)$86

You need at least $6,808 for the down payment, plus closing costs.

This is an estimate to give you an idea, not a loan offer. Your real payment depends on your rate, your credit, and the insurance and taxes on the home you buy.

Total monthly payment $1,715; principal and interest $1,294.

Buying a home

Buying a home in Lafayette County

Here you'll see how prices have changed, how Lafayette County compares with Wisconsin and the country, and what you'd pay each month with four kinds of loans.

How have home prices changed?

According to the FHFA House Price Index, home prices in Lafayette County rose 88% in the 10 years through 2025. FHFA's index follows the price of the same homes over the years.

Change in the FHFA House Price Index from 2015 to 2025: Lafayette County: +88%; Wisconsin: +95%; United States: +85%.
Cumulative change in the FHFA House Price Index since 2015, each year through 2025
YearLafayette CountyWisconsinUnited States
2015 0.0%0.0%0.0%
2016 +2.8%+4.0%+5.3%
2017 +12.0%+9.3%+11.0%
2018 +14.1%+15.4%+17.3%
2019 +18.7%+21.0%+22.2%
2020 +21.9%+24.2%+25.9%
2021 +32.9%+36.7%+40.5%
2022 +54.4%+56.8%+62.2%
2023 +60.4%+73.4%+71.5%
2024 +71.1%+85.4%+79.9%
2025 +87.5%+95.5%+85.0%
Home price change in Lafayette County, in its state and in the U.S., according to FHFA
Period Here Wisconsin United States
In 2025 +9.6% +5.4% +2.9%
5 years (2020–2025) +54% +57% +47%
10 years (2015–2025) +88% +96% +85%
See each year's change
Annual change in the FHFA House Price Index in Lafayette County, 2016 to 2025.
  1. 2020: +2.8%
  2. 2021: +9.0%
  3. 2022: +16.2%
  4. 2023: +3.9%
  5. 2024: +6.7%
  6. 2025: +9.6%

The index follows the prices of the same homes over time (sales and appraisals on loans bought or guaranteed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac). It is not the average price of a home. FHFA considers its annual county indexes experimental. Source: FHFA, 2025 data

Lafayette County compared with Wisconsin and the United States

Home value, rent and household income, side by side. "Typical" is the median: half are above it and half below.

Typical home value
  • Lafayette $194,500
  • Wisconsin $266,500
  • United States $332,700
Typical rent a month
  • Lafayette $830
  • Wisconsin $1,087
  • United States $1,413
Typical household income a year
  • Lafayette $76,462
  • Wisconsin $77,485
  • United States $80,734
See the full table
Lafayette compared with Wisconsin and the United States
MeasureHereWisconsinU.S.
Residents16,9425,914,872334,922,499
Typical home value$194,500$266,500$332,700
Typical household income$76,462$77,485$80,734
Typical rent$830$1,087$1,413
Fair Market Rent (2 bedrooms)$1,014$1,251$1,750
Hourly wage to rent a 2-bedroom$19.50$24.06$33.65
Typical property tax$3,053$3,792$3,119
Effective tax rate1.57%1.42%0.94%
Households that own their home80%68%65%
Renters spending 30% or more on rent38%44%51%
FHA limit (1 unit)*$541,287$541,287$541,287

FHA limit: Wisconsin shows the median of its counties; the United States, the national floor. Download CSV

Four ways to pay for a typical home in Lafayette County

For a typical $194,500 home at Freddie Mac's average rate (7.18% as of November 5, 2026) over 30 years. The monthly payment adds principal and interest, the county's property tax, an example homeowners insurance and mortgage insurance when it applies.

Down payment, loan and monthly payment of four loan types for a typical home in Lafayette County
Loan Monthly payment Down payment Loan amount Rate Mortgage insurance Cash to close Minimum score
FHA, 3.5% down $1,715 $6,808 $190,977 7.18% FHA MIP · $86 $12,643 580
Conventional, 5% down $1,680 $9,725 $184,775 7.18% PMI · $92 $15,560 620*
Conventional, 20% down, no PMI $1,390 $38,900 $155,600 7.18% None $44,735 620*
ITIN, 15% down (example) $1,569 $29,175 $165,325 8.18% None $35,010 Set by the lender
  • Cash to close = down payment plus 3% of the price in closing costs (example).
  • Minimum score: FHA requires 580 or higher for the minimum down payment (HUD Handbook 4000.1). * Fannie Mae requires 620 when a loan is underwritten by hand; its automated system has no fixed minimum.
  • The ITIN row is an example with a rate 1 percentage point higher: ITIN loans follow no federal rule and each lender sets its own down payment and rate. Nothing in this table promises an approval.

How much house can I afford? Closing costs

Loan limits

FHA loans in Lafayette County use the national floor limit: it isn't a high-cost area. If the loan you need is above these amounts, it doesn't fit FHA or it becomes a "jumbo" loan.

VA loans. If you have full VA entitlement, VA doesn't cap the loan amount. If you've used part of your entitlement, the calculation uses the county limit ($832,750 for one unit). VA loan limits (va.gov)

USDA loans. They're for homes in eligible rural areas and households with incomes within USDA's limit. Check whether the address and your income qualify on the official site. USDA eligibility (usda.gov)

FHA and conforming loan limits in Lafayette County, by number of units
Home type FHA limit Conforming limit
1 unit $541,287 $832,750
2 units $693,050 $1,066,250
3 units $837,700 $1,288,800
4 units $1,041,125 $1,601,750

Source: HUD, 2026 data · Source: FHFA, 2026 data

Taxes and risks

Property tax and flooding in Lafayette County

Two costs that change a lot from place to place and that a house payment does include: property tax and, in risk zones, flood insurance.

Property tax

In Lafayette County, the typical owner pays $3,053 a year: about 1.57% of the home's value. That is more than the rest of Wisconsin and more than the national average.

  • Lafayette 1.57%
  • Wisconsin 1.42%
  • United States 0.94%

What Wisconsin publishes Lottery and Gaming Credit for your primary residence (Wisconsin Department of Revenue)

Exemptions and deadlines in Wisconsin

Is there a flood risk?

According to FEMA, in Lafayette County 1.4% of homes (81) are in a high-risk flood zone. Of those homes, 22% have NFIP flood insurance.

  • A high-risk zone (Special Flood Hazard Area) has a 1% or greater chance of flooding each year. (44 CFR 59.1)
  • If the home is in that zone and the loan comes from a regulated lender, federal law requires flood insurance for the life of the loan, in communities that take part in the NFIP. (42 U.S.C. 4012a)
  • Most homeowners insurance does not cover flood damage. (FEMA, FloodSmart)

Source: FEMA, As of August 3, 2026

Look up your address on FEMA’s map

Owning a home here

Owning a home in Lafayette County

The natural hazards FEMA measures in Lafayette County, a maintenance plan for your climate and what the trades earn in your area.

Risks to your home

FEMA, National Risk Index 1.20.0 (December 2025)

FEMA rates the natural hazard risk in Lafayette County as very low.

That rating combines the loss FEMA expects with social vulnerability and community resilience.

The loss FEMA expects each year in Lafayette County from all natural hazards is $12 million, counting buildings, people and crops.

The hazard that would do the most damage to homes and buildings here is inland flooding: about $3.5 million a year.

Loss FEMA expects each year to homes and buildings, by hazard
  1. Inland floodingFEMA risk rating: Very low $3.5 million a year
  2. TornadoFEMA risk rating: Relatively low $651,809 a year
  3. EarthquakeFEMA risk rating: Very low $28,208 a year
  4. WildfireFEMA risk rating: Very low $5,056 a year
  5. HurricaneFEMA risk rating: Very low $975 a year

What it means for your home

The ratings are FEMA's own. FEMA says its data is meant for planning and does not replace a local study. Drought is not shown: FEMA counts its loss in crops only.

National Risk Index, version 1.20.0 (December 2025), retrieved November 6, 2026

FEMA notice: This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's National Risk Index dataset API or downloadable datasets but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

Climate and upkeep

Department of Energy (PNNL), 2021 IECC zones

Lafayette County is climate zone 5A in the home energy code (IECC): cold.

The zone's number says how hot or cold it gets; the letter says how humid: A is moist, B is dry and C is marine.

  • Spring

    • Book the air conditioner's check-up before the heat: ENERGY STAR advises checking the cooling system in the spring, because contractors get busy once summer comes. Source: ENERGY STAR (EPA)
    • Clean and repair the roof gutters. Source: EPA
  • Summer

    • Seal the air ducts that run through the attic, crawlspace, basement or garage with duct mastic or foil tape, then wrap them in insulation. Source: ENERGY STAR (EPA)
    • Check that the ground slopes away from the house, so water does not collect around the foundation. Source: EPA
  • Fall

    • Book the heating check-up in the fall. If it runs on gas or oil, the technician should check the connections: faulty ones are a fire hazard. Source: ENERGY STAR (EPA)
    • Seal air leaks and add insulation in the attic: ENERGY STAR says it lowers the chance of ice dams on the roof in snowy climates. Source: ENERGY STAR (EPA)
  • Winter

    • Get the house ready for the cold with insulation, caulking and weather stripping, and learn how to keep pipes from freezing. Source: Ready.gov (FEMA)
    • Put clear plastic film over the windows: it is inexpensive, cuts drafts, helps the house feel warmer in winter and reduces moisture on the glass. Source: ENERGY STAR (EPA)

All year

  • Check the air filter every month, especially in heavy-use months. If it looks dirty, change it; change it at least every 3 months. Source: ENERGY STAR (EPA)
  • Test the smoke alarms every month and replace their batteries at least once a year. Source: USFA (FEMA)

Each task comes from the official page beside it. The spring air-conditioning and fall heating check-ups are the timing ENERGY STAR advises; the rest is a suggested order.

Climate zones by county, 2021 IECC

What the trades charge here

BLS, wages for May 2025

Hourly wage for each trade in the South Central Wisconsin nonmetropolitan area area, according to BLS (May 2025)
TradeTypical hourly wage8 in 10 earn between
Electricians$32.10$21.46 and $46.50
Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters$37.08$22.62 and $48.40
Heating, air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics$29.29$22.88 and $39.33
Roofers$28.31$18.11 and $35.00
Carpenters$28.33$19.55 and $40.43
Painters, construction and maintenance$23.00$18.30 and $28.72
Maintenance and repair workers, general$24.21$16.84 and $34.96

An electrician earns about $32.10 an hour in the South Central Wisconsin nonmetropolitan area, and a plumber, about $37.08.

These are workers' hourly wages, not the price of a job.

Renting

Renting in Lafayette County

The typical rent in Lafayette County is $830 a month. HUD also publishes a “fair market rent” by unit size: it's the one programs like Section 8 use.

38% of renter households in Lafayette County spend 30% or more of their income on housing. 17% spend half or more.

Fair market rent by size

To pay the fair market rent without spending more than 30% of income, working full time (40 hours a week).

Fair market rent by size
Size Fair rent a month Hourly wage Income needed per year
Studio $732 $14.08 $29,280
1 bedroom $839 $16.13 $33,560
2 bedrooms $1,014 $19.50 $40,560
3 bedrooms $1,352 $26.00 $54,080
4 bedrooms $1,560 $30.00 $62,400

Includes basic utilities. It isn't the lowest or highest rent: it's a reference point. Source: HUD, Fiscal year 2027

Free help in Lafayette County

Programs and counseling in Lafayette County

We didn't find HUD-approved agencies with an office in this county. These are the 4 nearest; many serve by phone or online.

Official programs for the down payment and loans for buyers. Check which ones you might qualify for with your income and your county.

The simple kitchen of an apartment, with an electric stove, a refrigerator and wood cabinets.

HUD counseling is free or low-cost

Wisconsin down payment programs

  1. WHEDA Easy Close Advantage DPA

    Wisconsin state agency second mortgage for the down payment: up to 6% of the price, over 10 years with a monthly payment and the same rate as the WHEDA first mortgage

    The source does not say whether you must be a first-time buyer. Run by Wisconsin Housing and Economic Development Authority (WHEDA).

    Repayable Verified November 5, 2026

  2. WHEDA Capital Access DPA

    Limited funds remain, per the source

    $7,500 loan from the Wisconsin state agency for the down payment and closing costs, over 30 years, at 0% and with no monthly payments, alongside a WHEDA mortgage; limited funds, first come, first served

    No first-time requirement. Run by Wisconsin Housing and Economic Development Authority (WHEDA).

    Deferred Verified November 5, 2026

Which programs do I qualify for? See all Wisconsin programs

Help in Spanish in Lafayette County

2 of the 4 agencies on this list say they serve in Spanish.

Ask for service in Spanish

When you call, say “Spanish, please” or ask if someone speaks Spanish. If not, ask whether they offer an interpreter.

Public housing agencies

They run public housing and Section 8 vouchers (Housing Choice Vouchers) in this county.

  • Lafayette County Housing Authority Public housing and Section 8 vouchers (608) 776-4880

Free legal help

If you have a problem with your landlord, an eviction notice or a scam, the Legal Services Corporation (LSC) search shows the free legal aid offices that serve your area.

Find legal aid (lsc.gov)

Housing counseling nearby

These are the nearest agencies, with the distance in miles. Many help by phone or online. Official HUD list. Confirm hours and fees with the agency before you go.

  • Foundation for Rural Housing Inc

    156 N Main St, Oregon · 42 miles away

    • Mortgage delinquency and default
    • Budget and financial counseling
    • and 1 more
  • Urban League of Greater Madison

    2222 S Park St Ste 200, Madison · 46 miles away · Spanish

    • Budget and financial counseling
    • Budget and credit workshops
    • and 4 more
  • Neighborhood Housing Services of Southwest Wisconsin

    125 E Seminary St, Richland Center · 48 miles away

    • Budget and credit workshops
    • Home improvement and repairs
    • and 2 more
See every agency in Wisconsin

Places

Cities in Lafayette County

This site has no city pages of Lafayette County. The neighboring counties are below.

Nearby counties

Each row compares its typical value, typical rent and FHA limit with Lafayette County.

Read next

Guides that help here

We picked them by this county's numbers: what weighs most here is what's worth understanding first.

Frequently asked questions

What is the FHA loan limit in Lafayette County in 2026?

Lafayette County has an FHA limit of $541,287 for a one-unit home. For 2 units it's $693,050, for 3 it's $837,700 and for 4 it's $1,041,125. It's the national floor limit.

What is the conforming loan limit in Lafayette County?

Lafayette County has a conforming limit of $832,750 for one-unit conventional loans in 2026. A bigger loan is a “jumbo” loan.

How much does a typical home cost in Lafayette County?

The typical home value in Lafayette County is $194,500 (Average 2020–2024, U.S. Census). Across Wisconsin it's $266,500.

How much does it cost to rent in Lafayette County?

Lafayette County has a typical rent of $830 a month (Average 2020–2024, U.S. Census). HUD's fair market rent for a 2-bedroom apartment is $1,014 (Fiscal year 2027).

How much do you need to earn to rent a 2-bedroom apartment in Lafayette County?

About $19.50 an hour working full time (2,080 hours a year), or $40,560 a year, so the fair market rent of $1,014 stays under 30% of income.

Sources: American Community Survey (Average 2020–2024); FHA mortgage limits (2026 data); Conforming loan limits (2026 data); Fair Market Rents (Fiscal year 2027); Income Limits (Fiscal year 2026); HUD-approved housing counseling agencies (Retrieved November 6, 2026); Public Housing Agencies (Retrieved November 6, 2026); Freddie Mac Primary Mortgage Market Survey (As of November 5, 2026); FHFA House Price Index (2025 data); Homes with flood insurance (As of August 3, 2026); National Risk Index (2025 data); IECC climate zones by county (2021 data); Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (2025 data); Census Bureau cartographic boundary files (2024 data).