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House price index (HPI): what it means

The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) House Price Index (HPI) measures how single-family home prices move. It compares the prices of the same homes each time they sell or are refinanced, on loans bought or securitized by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac.

In Spanish it is

Índice de precios de vivienda (HPI)

Also written as: HPI · FHFA HPI · home price index

The full explanation

That is why it tells you how much prices rose or fell, not what a typical home costs. FHFA publishes it for the nation, states, metro areas, counties and other areas.

An example

Marta sees on her county's page that, according to the FHFA index, prices rose over the last few years. That tells her how prices changed, not what the home she wants will cost.

With real numbers

Computed with official data for the whole U.S. In your county the numbers may differ.

Over 5 years
+47%
Over 10 years
+85%

According to FHFA’s price index, the price of the same U.S. homes changed +47% over 5 years and +85% over 10 years, through 2025.

Computed with: FHFA House Price Index (HPI) (2025)

In numbers: house price index

Home price change: the national figure and some of the 51 states, from highest to lowest, with the same source and the same date.

Nationwide
85.0%
Home price change, by state: 5 states, from highest to lowest
State Figure vs. US
Idaho 149.0% +75%
South Carolina 104.3% +23%
New York 85.6% +0.7%
Hawaii 73.3% −14%
Louisiana 37.9% −55%

If a document mentions "house price index", think of these figures: in Idaho it is 149.0%; in Louisiana, 37.9%; nationwide, 85.0%.

Sources: FHFA House Price Index (HPI) (2025 data)

Where you see it on the site

You will see it in…

  • Your county and state pages on this site
  • News and reports about home prices
An older woman smiles in front of her apartment building.

Still confused by a paper?

A HUD-approved housing counselor can walk you through it. Agencies usually charge little or nothing, many work in Spanish, and they do not sell you anything.

Official sources

We sum up what these official sources say, in plain words. We add no rules they do not state; when a rule changes, the definition and its date change.

  1. 1. Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) · House Price Index (external site) · in English · Verified on October 17, 2026
  2. 2. Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) · HPI datasets (external site) · in English · Verified on October 17, 2026