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County in Alabama

Jefferson County, Alabama

With 667,755 residents, Jefferson County is the most populous county in Alabama. In Jefferson County, the FHA loan limit for a one-unit home is $541,287, and a typical home is worth $240,000. To rent a 2-bedroom apartment at Fair Market Rent ($1,375 a month) without going over 30% of your income, you need to earn about $26.44 an hour.

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  • Typical home price

    $240,000

    +14% vs. Alabama −28% vs. U.S.

    Half of owner-occupied homes are worth more and half are worth less.

    • Jefferson
    • Alabama
    • United States

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Average 2020–2024

  • Fair market rent, 2 bedrooms

    $1,375 a month

    +18% vs. Alabama −21% vs. U.S.

    HUD's reference rent for a two-bedroom apartment, with basic utilities.

    • Jefferson
    • Alabama
    • United States

    Source: HUD, Fiscal year 2027

  • FHA limit 2026, 1 unit

    $541,287

    FHA national floor limit

    The most you can borrow with an FHA loan for a one-unit home here.

    • Jefferson
    • Floor
    • Ceiling

    Source: HUD, 2026 data

  • Property tax

    0.59% of value per year

    +55% vs. Alabama −37% vs. U.S.

    $1,409 a year for the typical owner

    • Jefferson
    • Alabama
    • United States

    Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Average 2020–2024

Market now, with Zillow data

Zillow data
Typical home value
$214,208
1.5% more than 12 months ago
Typical rent
$1,339 a month
3.3% more than 12 months ago

From Zillow (ZHVI/ZORI), September 2026. The Census figures above are 5-year averages (2020–2024).

Data from October 2026

In short

What is housing like in Jefferson County today?

With an FHA loan and the minimum down payment, a typical home would cost about $1,921 a month: 35% of the typical household income here. For that payment to be 28% of income, a household would need to earn about $82,309 a year; the typical income here is $66,388. The typical home value is 14% more than in Alabama overall. 64% of households own their home, fewer than in Alabama (70%). The typical property tax is $1,409 a year (about 0.59% of home value), higher than in Alabama.

54% of renter households spend 30% or more of their income on housing.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau (Average 2020–2024).

Only here

What sets Jefferson County apart

  1. Jefferson County has the highest effective property tax rate of the 67 counties in Alabama: 0.59%.

  2. Nearby, in Walker County, the typical home value is $135,900: 43% less than in Jefferson County ($240,000).

  3. Among the neighboring counties, Bibb County has the lowest typical rent ($733), 39% below the $1,193 in Jefferson County.

  4. From 2020 to 2025, home prices in Jefferson County rose 38% on FHFA's index, slower than in Alabama (47%).

  5. Jefferson County has the 5th highest typical rent of the 67 counties in Alabama ($1,193).

  6. At $240,000, Jefferson County ranks 7th among the 67 counties in Alabama for the highest typical home value.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau (Average 2020–2024); FHFA (2025 data).

The homes here

Housing in Jefferson County

What homes there are in Jefferson County, what they cost, how that changed and how people live, from Census figures (2020–2024).

What homes there are

U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-year, 2020–2024

Kind of home

As in Alabama, most homes in Jefferson County are detached houses (69%).

Year built

In Jefferson County, half of the homes were built before 1975; in Alabama, before 1986.

In Jefferson County, 11% of homes have 1 bedroom or none (studios); 64% have 3 bedrooms or more, against 71% in Alabama.

All homes, occupied or empty. A figure the Census cannot measure precisely enough here is not shown.

Census tables: B25024, B25034, B25035, B25041

What it costs here

U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-year, 2020–2024

Value of owner-occupied homes

The FHA loan limit for this county is $541,287, and about 86% of owner-occupied homes in Jefferson County are worth less than that.

Monthly rent with utilities

Measured against HUD's 2-bedroom fair market rent ($1,375), about 63% of rented homes in Jefferson County cost less.

With a mortgage

$1,619 a month

Alabama: $1,433 a month

Without a mortgage

$533 a month

Alabama: $447 a month

Owners with a mortgage

60%

Alabama: 54%

Owning costs more in Jefferson County: with a mortgage, the typical cost is $1,619 a month; in Alabama, $1,433. Without one, $533.

Value: what owners think their home is worth. Rent: rent plus utilities, for homes of every size. The FHA limit is the most an FHA loan (Federal Housing Administration) lends for a one-unit home; the fair market rent (FMR) is the one HUD uses for housing vouchers.

Census tables: B25075, B25063, B25088, B25081

How it changed

U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-year, 2015–2019 and 2020–2024

Change since 2015–2019

Since 2015–2019, homes in Jefferson County gained value faster than in Alabama: 51% against 47%.

Since 2015–2019, the typical rent in Jefferson County rose 33%, more than in Alabama (27%).

The typical household income in Jefferson County rose 23%: less than home values (+51%) and rent (+33%).

Change between two 5-year periods that do not overlap, in each period's dollars, not adjusted for inflation.

Census tables: B25077, B25064, B19013

How people live

U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-year, 2020–2024

MeasureJefferson CountyAlabamaUnited States
Rental vacancy 7.0%7.2%5.5%
Homeowner vacancy 1.2%1.1%0.9%
More than one person per room 1.6%1.7%3.4%
People per household 2.402.482.53
Drive alone 77%81%69%
Carpool 8%8%9%
Public transit 1%0%3%
Walk or bike 2%1%3%
Work from home 11%9%15%
Other means 1%1%2%
Typical commute 20 to 29 minutes20 to 29 minutes20 to 29 minutes

Open rentals in Jefferson County look like those in Alabama: the rental vacancy rate is 7.0%.

In Jefferson County, 1.6% of households live with more than one person per room, about the same as in Alabama.

A household in Jefferson County has 2.40 people on average, about the same as in Alabama (2.48).

In Jefferson County, 77% of workers drive alone to work; in Alabama, 81%.

Vacancy: empty homes offered for rent or for sale. Rooms: every room in the home, not only bedrooms. Commute: the minute range of the typical worker.

Census tables: B25004, B25003, B25014, B25010, B08301, B08303

Do the math

What would you pay each month in Jefferson County?

A typical home is tight for the typical income

We start with a typical home of $240,000, an FHA loan with 3.5% down and the latest average rate (7.18%). That payment would take 35% of the typical household income here, which is $66,388 a year. For that payment to be 28% of income, a household would need to earn about $82,309 a year.

Your numbers

Local data
$

Starts at the typical home value in Jefferson County. Change it to the price you have in mind.

Loan type
Your credit score

Your score changes which loans apply and FHA's minimum down payment. Your real rate also depends on your credit.

Down payment
%

That is $8,400 (3.5% of the price). The usual minimum for this loan is 3.5%.

This week's average ± a quarter or half point.

Term

National average as of November 5, 2026 (Freddie Mac); your rate may be different.

Adjust advanced details

Estimated monthly payment

Local data

$1,921

at 7.18% · 30 years

Loan amount
$235,653
Total interest
$339,049
Paid off in
November 2056

Includes $4,053 FHA upfront mortgage insurance premium.

Does it fit the income?

  • Comfortable

    up to $1,549 a month

  • Tight

    $1,549 to $1,992 a month

    Your payment · 35%

  • Hard

    more than $1,992 a month

Compared with the typical household income in Jefferson County ($66,388 a year). Reference: HUD calls paying more than 30% of income for housing a cost burden.

Show the result as
per month$1,921
Principal & interest$1,596
Property tax$118
Home insurance$100
FHA mortgage insurance (MIP)$106

You need at least $8,400 for the down payment, plus closing costs.

Next step

This is an estimate to give you an idea, not a loan offer. Your real payment depends on your rate, your credit, and the insurance and taxes on the home you buy.

Buying a home

Buying a home in Jefferson County

Here you'll see how prices have changed, how Jefferson County compares with Alabama and the country, and what you'd pay each month with four kinds of loans.

How have home prices changed?

According to the FHFA House Price Index, home prices in Jefferson County rose 73% in the 10 years through 2025. FHFA's index follows the price of the same homes over the years.

Period Here Alabama United States
In 2025 +2.2% +2.5% +2.9%
5 years (2020–2025) +38% +47% +47%
10 years (2015–2025) +73% +77% +85%
See each year's change

The index follows the prices of the same homes over time (sales and appraisals on loans bought or guaranteed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac). It is not the average price of a home. FHFA considers its annual county indexes experimental. Source: FHFA, 2025 data

Jefferson County compared with Alabama and the United States

Home value, rent and household income, side by side. "Typical" is the median: half are above it and half below.

Typical home value
  • Jefferson $240,000
  • Alabama $209,900
  • United States $332,700
Typical rent a month
  • Jefferson $1,193
  • Alabama $1,007
  • United States $1,413
Typical household income a year
  • Jefferson $66,388
  • Alabama $63,999
  • United States $80,734
See the full table
Jefferson compared with Alabama and the United States
MeasureHereAlabamaU.S.
Residents667,7555,086,768334,922,499
Typical home value$240,000$209,900$332,700
Typical household income$66,388$63,999$80,734
Typical rent$1,193$1,007$1,413
Fair Market Rent (2 bedrooms)$1,375$1,170$1,750
Hourly wage to rent a 2-bedroom$26.44$22.50$33.65
Typical property tax$1,409$788$3,119
Effective tax rate0.59%0.38%0.94%
Households that own their home64%70%65%
Renters spending 30% or more on rent54%49%51%
FHA limit (1 unit)*$541,287$541,287$541,287

FHA limit: Alabama shows the median of its counties; the United States, the national floor. Download CSV

Four ways to pay for a typical home in Jefferson County

For a typical $240,000 home at Freddie Mac's average rate (7.18% as of November 5, 2026) over 30 years. The monthly payment adds principal and interest, the county's property tax, an example homeowners insurance and mortgage insurance when it applies.

Loan Monthly payment Down payment Loan amount Rate Mortgage insurance Cash to close Minimum score
FHA, 3.5% down $1,921 $8,400 $235,653 7.18% FHA MIP · $106 $15,600 580
Conventional, 5% down $1,877 $12,000 $228,000 7.18% PMI · $114 $19,200 620*
Conventional, 20% down, no PMI $1,519 $48,000 $192,000 7.18% None $55,200 620*
ITIN, 15% down (example) $1,741 $36,000 $204,000 8.18% None $43,200 Set by the lender
  • Cash to close = down payment plus 3% of the price in closing costs (example).
  • Minimum score: FHA requires 580 or higher for the minimum down payment (HUD Handbook 4000.1). * Fannie Mae requires 620 when a loan is underwritten by hand; its automated system has no fixed minimum.
  • The ITIN row is an example with a rate 1 percentage point higher: ITIN loans follow no federal rule and each lender sets its own down payment and rate. Nothing in this table promises an approval.

Everything about buying in Jefferson County: income, limits and help How much house can I afford? Closing costs

Loan limits

FHA loans in Jefferson County use the national floor limit: it isn't a high-cost area. If the loan you need is above these amounts, it doesn't fit FHA or it becomes a "jumbo" loan.

VA loans. If you have full VA entitlement, VA doesn't cap the loan amount. If you've used part of your entitlement, the calculation uses the county limit ($832,750 for one unit). VA loan limits (va.gov)

USDA loans. They're for homes in eligible rural areas and households with incomes within USDA's limit. Check whether the address and your income qualify on the official site. USDA eligibility (usda.gov)

Home type FHA limit Conforming limit
1 unit $541,287 $832,750
2 units $693,050 $1,066,250
3 units $837,700 $1,288,800
4 units $1,041,125 $1,601,750

Source: HUD, 2026 data · Source: FHFA, 2026 data

Taxes and risks

Property tax and flooding in Jefferson County

Two costs that change a lot from place to place and that a house payment does include: property tax and, in risk zones, flood insurance.

Property tax

In Jefferson County, the typical owner pays $1,409 a year: about 0.59% of the home's value. That is more than the rest of Alabama and less than the national average.

  • Jefferson 0.59%
  • Alabama 0.38%
  • United States 0.94%

What Alabama publishes Basic homestead exemption (type H-1) (Alabama Department of Revenue)

Exemptions and deadlines in Alabama

Is there a flood risk?

According to FEMA, in Jefferson County 2.3% of homes (5,592) are in a high-risk flood zone. Of those homes, 13% have NFIP flood insurance.

  • A high-risk zone (Special Flood Hazard Area) has a 1% or greater chance of flooding each year. (44 CFR 59.1)
  • If the home is in that zone and the loan comes from a regulated lender, federal law requires flood insurance for the life of the loan, in communities that take part in the NFIP. (42 U.S.C. 4012a)
  • Most homeowners insurance does not cover flood damage. (FEMA, FloodSmart)

Source: FEMA, As of August 3, 2026

Look up your address on FEMA’s map

Owning a home here

Owning a home in Jefferson County

The natural hazards FEMA measures in Jefferson County, a maintenance plan for your climate and what the trades earn in your area.

Risks to your home

FEMA, National Risk Index 1.20.0 (December 2025)

According to FEMA, the natural hazard risk in Jefferson County is relatively high.

To rate it, FEMA weighs the expected loss with social vulnerability and community resilience.

In all, FEMA estimates natural hazards cause about $262 million in losses a year in Jefferson County, across buildings, people and crops.

Of all the hazards, FEMA expects inland flooding to do the most damage to buildings: about $141 million a year.

Loss FEMA expects each year to homes and buildings, by hazard
  1. Inland floodingRelatively high $141 million a year
  2. TornadoVery high $31.4 million a year
  3. EarthquakeRelatively moderate $11.6 million a year
  4. HurricaneRelatively low $1.1 million a year
  5. WildfireRelatively low $287,678 a year

What it means for your home

The ratings are FEMA's own. FEMA says its data is meant for planning and does not replace a local study. Drought is not shown: FEMA counts its loss in crops only.

National Risk Index, version 1.20.0 (December 2025), retrieved November 6, 2026

FEMA notice: This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's National Risk Index dataset API or downloadable datasets but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

Climate and upkeep

Department of Energy (PNNL), 2021 IECC zones

Jefferson County is in climate zone 3A of the home energy code (IECC): humid, between hot and mixed.

The zone's number says how hot or cold it gets; the letter says how humid: A is moist, B is dry and C is marine.

  • Spring

    • Book the air conditioner's check-up before the heat: ENERGY STAR advises checking the cooling system in the spring, because contractors get busy once summer comes. ENERGY STAR (EPA)
    • Clean and repair the roof gutters. EPA

  • Summer

    • Keep indoor humidity below 60 % (ideally between 30 % and 50 %). A humidity meter is inexpensive and sold at hardware stores. EPA
    • Keep the air conditioner's drip pan clean and its drain line flowing: a plugged drain can cause water damage in the house. ENERGY STAR (EPA)

  • Fall

    • Book the heating check-up in the fall. If it runs on gas or oil, the technician should check the connections: faulty ones are a fire hazard. ENERGY STAR (EPA)
    • Look for drafts at windows and doors: close the window on a piece of paper; if it moves back and forth easily, it needs thicker weather stripping. ENERGY STAR (EPA)

  • Winter

    • Get the house ready for the cold with insulation, caulking and weather stripping, and learn how to keep pipes from freezing. Ready.gov (FEMA)
    • Seal the air ducts that run through the attic, crawlspace, basement or garage with duct mastic or foil tape, then wrap them in insulation. ENERGY STAR (EPA)

All year

  • Check the air filter every month, especially in heavy-use months. If it looks dirty, change it; change it at least every 3 months. ENERGY STAR (EPA)
  • Test the smoke alarms every month and replace their batteries at least once a year. USFA (FEMA)

Each task comes from the official page beside it. The spring air-conditioning and fall heating check-ups are the timing ENERGY STAR advises; the rest is a suggested order.

Climate zones by county, 2021 IECC

What the trades charge here

BLS, wages for May 2025

TradeTypical hourly wage8 in 10 earn between
Electricians$27.23$18.69 and $37.77
Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters$28.89$18.57 and $36.68
Heating, air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics$23.43$18.00 and $33.57
Roofers$22.41$17.81 and $30.26
Carpenters$24.23$18.02 and $30.47
Painters, construction and maintenance$21.42$16.68 and $28.37
Maintenance and repair workers, general$22.29$15.19 and $32.73

An electrician earns about $27.23 an hour in the Birmingham, AL area, and a plumber, about $28.89.

These are workers' hourly wages, not the price of a job.

Need help paying for a repair?

Renting

Renting in Jefferson County

The typical rent in Jefferson County is $1,193 a month. HUD also publishes a “fair market rent” by unit size: it's the one programs like Section 8 use.

54% of renter households in Jefferson County spend 30% or more of their income on housing. 28% spend half or more.

Fair market rent by size

To pay the fair market rent without spending more than 30% of income, working full time (40 hours a week).

Size Fair rent a month Hourly wage Income needed per year
Studio $1,177 $22.63 $47,080
1 bedroom $1,263 $24.29 $50,520
2 bedrooms $1,375 $26.44 $55,000
3 bedrooms $1,727 $33.21 $69,080
4 bedrooms $1,941 $37.33 $77,640

Includes basic utilities. It isn't the lowest or highest rent: it's a reference point. Source: HUD, Fiscal year 2027

Free help in Jefferson County

Programs and counseling in Jefferson County

There are 6 HUD-approved housing counseling agencies in Jefferson County. They can help you get ready to buy, with your credit, with rent, or if you've fallen behind on payments.

Official programs for the down payment and loans for buyers. Check which ones you might qualify for with your income and your county.

A family roasts marshmallows over a campfire at a forest campsite.

HUD counseling is free or low-cost

Alabama down payment programs

  1. Step Up

    Alabama state authority program with down payment assistance of 4% of the price (up to $10,000) as a 10-year second mortgage, alongside a 30-year fixed mortgage

    The source does not say whether you must be a first-time buyer. Run by Alabama Housing Finance Authority (AHFA).

    Repayable Verified November 5, 2026

  2. First Step Mortgage Revenue Bonds

    Alabama state authority 30-year low-rate mortgage, for first-time buyers and for people who have owned a home before, with down payment assistance of 4% of the price, up to $10,000, as a ten-year second mortgage

    No first-time requirement. Run by Alabama Housing Finance Authority (AHFA).

    Repayable Verified November 5, 2026

  3. Affordable Income Subsidy Grant

    Alabama state authority grant for closing costs with an HFA Advantage conventional loan: 1% of the loan if you earn up to 50% of the area median, or half a percent if you earn 50% to 80%

    The source does not say whether you must be a first-time buyer. Run by Alabama Housing Finance Authority (AHFA).

    Grant Verified November 5, 2026

Which programs do I qualify for? See all Alabama programs

Help in Spanish in Jefferson County

2 of the 6 agencies on this list say they serve in Spanish.

Ask for service in Spanish

When you call, say “Spanish, please” or ask if someone speaks Spanish. If not, ask whether they offer an interpreter.

Public housing agencies

They run public housing and Section 8 vouchers (Housing Choice Vouchers) in this county.

  • Housing Authority of the Birmingham District Public housing and Section 8 vouchers (205) 521-0679
  • Jefferson County Housing Authority Public housing and Section 8 vouchers (205) 849-0123

Free legal help

If you have a problem with your landlord, an eviction notice or a scam, the Legal Services Corporation (LSC) search shows the free legal aid offices that serve your area.

Find legal aid (lsc.gov)

Housing counseling nearby

These agencies have an office in Jefferson County. The full list is on the Alabama counselors page. Official HUD list. Confirm hours and fees with the agency before you go.

  • Hispanic Interest Coalition of Alabama

    200 6th Ave SW, Birmingham · Spanish

    • Mortgage delinquency and default
    • Budget and financial counseling
    • and 7 more
    (205) 942-5505

  • NSC (naca Counseling Subsidiary) - Birmingham, AL

    529 Beacon Pkwy W Ste 204, Birmingham · Spanish

    • Mortgage delinquency and default
    • Budget and financial counseling
    • and 5 more
    (205) 942-8111

  • Birmingham Urban League, Inc.

    1229 3rd Ave N, Birmingham

    • Mortgage delinquency and default
    • Budget and financial counseling
    • and 7 more
    (205) 326-0162
See every agency in Alabama

Places

Cities in Jefferson County

Each city has its own page with prices, rents and help. These are the largest.

See all 22 cities of Jefferson County

Nearby counties

Each row compares its typical value, typical rent and FHA limit with Jefferson County.

Read next

Guides that help here

We picked them by this county's numbers: what weighs most here is what's worth understanding first.

Frequently asked questions

What is the FHA loan limit in Jefferson County in 2026?

Jefferson County has an FHA limit of $541,287 for a one-unit home. For 2 units it's $693,050, for 3 it's $837,700 and for 4 it's $1,041,125. It's the national floor limit.

What is the conforming loan limit in Jefferson County?

Jefferson County has a conforming limit of $832,750 for one-unit conventional loans in 2026. A bigger loan is a “jumbo” loan.

How much does a typical home cost in Jefferson County?

The typical home value in Jefferson County is $240,000 (Average 2020–2024, U.S. Census). Across Alabama it's $209,900.

How much does it cost to rent in Jefferson County?

Jefferson County has a typical rent of $1,193 a month (Average 2020–2024, U.S. Census). HUD's fair market rent for a 2-bedroom apartment is $1,375 (Fiscal year 2027).

How much do you need to earn to rent a 2-bedroom apartment in Jefferson County?

About $26.44 an hour working full time (2,080 hours a year), or $55,000 a year, so the fair market rent of $1,375 stays under 30% of income.

Sources: American Community Survey (Average 2020–2024); FHA mortgage limits (2026 data); Conforming loan limits (2026 data); Fair Market Rents (Fiscal year 2027); Income Limits (Fiscal year 2026); HUD-approved housing counseling agencies (Retrieved November 6, 2026); Public Housing Agencies (Retrieved November 6, 2026); Freddie Mac Primary Mortgage Market Survey (As of November 5, 2026); FHFA House Price Index (2025 data); Homes with flood insurance (As of August 3, 2026); National Risk Index (2025 data); IECC climate zones by county (2021 data); Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (2025 data); Census Bureau cartographic boundary files (2024 data).