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Principal residence: what it means

Your principal residence is the home where you live permanently and spend most of the year. According to FHA, a person can have only one principal residence at a time.

In Spanish it is

Residencia principal

Also written as: primary residence · main home · owner-occupied home

The full explanation

Lenders tell it apart from a second home, which you occupy in addition to your principal residence but for less than most of the year, and from an investment property, which you own but do not live in. Fannie Mae buys loans on all three, but it applies a loan-level price adjustment (LLPA) to loans on investment properties.

An example

Julio buys a duplex, lives in one unit all year and rents out the other. For the lender, the unit he lives in is his principal residence.

You will see it in…

  • Your mortgage application, where you say how you will use the home
  • The lender's rules for second homes and investment properties
  • Property tax exemptions for your main home

Words that go with it

You will rarely see this word alone. These are the ones that show up with it on the same papers.

A grandmother pushes her grandson on a playground swing.

Still confused by a paper?

A HUD-approved housing counselor can walk you through it. Agencies usually charge little or nothing, many work in Spanish, and they do not sell you anything.

Official sources

We sum up what these official sources say, in plain words. We add no rules they do not state; when a rule changes, the definition and its date change.

  1. 1. HUD · FHA Single Family Housing Policy Handbook 4000.1: Glossary (Principal Residence, Secondary Residence, Investment Property) (external site) · in English · Verified on October 17, 2026
  2. 2. Fannie Mae · Selling Guide B2-1.1-01: Occupancy Types (external site) · in English · Verified on October 17, 2026
  3. 3. Fannie Mae · Selling Guide B3-3.1-08: General Rental Income Information (external site) · in English · Verified on October 17, 2026