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Wage garnishment: what it means

A wage garnishment is an order that lets a creditor take part of your pay to collect a debt; it can also reach certain benefits or the money in your bank account. According to the CFPB, most creditors can garnish only after a court issues a judgment saying you owe the debt.

In Spanish it is

Embargo de salario (wage garnishment)

Also written as: garnishment · bank account garnishment

The full explanation

Federal and state laws limit how much can be taken, so you have something left to live on, and banks must protect a certain amount of directly deposited federal benefits, such as Social Security. Some government agencies, such as the IRS, can sometimes garnish without a court order, and states can garnish to collect child support.

An example

Mario was sued over a credit card and did not respond. The court entered a judgment against him and the creditor got an order to garnish his wages. Mario looks on LawHelp.org for how to claim his state's protections.

You will see it in…

  • A court order after a judgment on a debt
  • Your pay stub, as a garnishment deduction
  • A notice from your bank that it froze or garnished money in your account
An older man and his daughter go over papers with a professional.

Still confused by a paper?

A HUD-approved housing counselor can walk you through it. Agencies usually charge little or nothing, many work in Spanish, and they do not sell you anything.

Official sources

We sum up what these official sources say, in plain words. We add no rules they do not state; when a rule changes, the definition and its date change.

  1. 1. CFPB · Can a debt collector take or garnish my wages or benefits? (external site) · in English · Verified on October 17, 2026
  2. 2. CFPB · What is a judgment? (external site) · in English · Verified on October 17, 2026