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Default judgment: what it means

A default judgment is a decision a court makes in favor of the person suing when the person being sued does not respond to the summons or does not appear. According to the CFPB, if you are sued over a debt and do not respond by the date in the court papers, the court will most likely order you to pay what the collector says you owe, plus the fees, interest and attorney fees it allows.

In Spanish it is

Sentencia en rebeldía (default judgment)

Also written as: judgment by default

The full explanation

With a judgment, depending on your state's law, the creditor may garnish your wages, place a lien on your home or freeze your bank account. A default judgment can sometimes be set aside if you have valid reasons for not appearing.

An example

Ana did not open some court papers about a credit card debt. Because she did not respond, the court entered a default judgment. Now she asks a free legal aid organization for an appointment to learn whether she can ask to have it set aside.

You will see it in…

  • The court summons, with the deadline to respond
  • A letter from the court or the collector that mentions a judgment
  • Your credit report, where a judgment can appear as negative information
Two women and a girl laugh together at the bus stop.

Still confused by a paper?

A HUD-approved housing counselor can walk you through it. Agencies usually charge little or nothing, many work in Spanish, and they do not sell you anything.

Official sources

We sum up what these official sources say, in plain words. We add no rules they do not state; when a rule changes, the definition and its date change.

  1. 1. Legal Information Institute (Cornell Law School) · Wex: default judgment (external site) · in English · Verified on October 17, 2026
  2. 2. CFPB · What should I do if I’m sued by a debt collector or creditor? (external site) · in English · Verified on October 17, 2026
  3. 3. CFPB · What is a judgment? (external site) · in English · Verified on October 17, 2026
  4. 4. CFPB · What is the difference between credit counseling and debt settlement, debt consolidation, or credit repair? (external site) · in English · Verified on October 17, 2026