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Time-barred debt: what it means

A time-barred debt is a debt whose statute of limitations has run out; that is the period the law allows for suing you over it. According to the CFPB, a debt generally does not disappear until it is paid, and in most states a collector can still ask you to pay by letter or phone, but cannot sue you or threaten to sue you.

In Spanish it is

Deuda prescrita (time-barred debt)

Also written as: statute of limitations on debt · old debt

The full explanation

The period depends on your state, the type of debt and your contract. Some debts, such as federal student loans, have no statute of limitations. A partial payment or acknowledging the debt may restart the clock. If you are sued, it is usually up to you to tell the court the debt is time-barred.

An example

A collector calls Luis about a credit card he stopped paying many years ago. Before sending a small payment, he checks his state's statute of limitations, because a partial payment could restart it.

You will see it in…

  • Letters and calls from collectors about old debts
  • A lawsuit over an old debt, where you can raise that it is time-barred
  • Your credit agreement, which may name the state law that applies
Two women and a girl laugh together at the bus stop.

Still confused by a paper?

A HUD-approved housing counselor can walk you through it. Agencies usually charge little or nothing, many work in Spanish, and they do not sell you anything.

Official sources

We sum up what these official sources say, in plain words. We add no rules they do not state; when a rule changes, the definition and its date change.

  1. 1. CFPB · Can debt collectors collect a debt that’s several years old? (external site) · in English · Verified on October 17, 2026
  2. 2. Legal Information Institute (Cornell Law School) · 12 CFR § 1006.26: collection of time-barred debts (Regulation F) (external site) · in English · Verified on October 17, 2026