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Specialty consumer reporting agency: what it means

A specialty consumer reporting agency is a company that gathers and shares information about one part of your history rather than your credit in general: for example, your rental and eviction history, your bank account and bounced-check history, your employment, your insurance claims or your medical payments. Landlords, banks, employers and insurers use its reports to decide whether to rent to you, open an account for you, hire you or sell you insurance.

In Spanish it is

Agencia de informes especializada

Also written as: specialty consumer reporting company · nationwide specialty consumer reporting agency · specialty CRA

The full explanation

You may not know these reports exist until you are turned down. Federal law gives you the right to request your report and to dispute wrong information.

An example

A property management company turns Andrés down because of a rental history report. Andrés looks up the company on the CFPB's list, requests his report and finds a debt to a landlord he never rented from. He disputes it with that company.

You will see it in…

  • The CFPB's list of consumer reporting companies
  • An adverse action notice from a landlord, bank or insurer
  • Rental, job or bank account applications, where you authorize the check
An older man and his daughter go over papers with a professional.

Still confused by a paper?

A HUD-approved housing counselor can walk you through it. Agencies usually charge little or nothing, many work in Spanish, and they do not sell you anything.

Official sources

We sum up what these official sources say, in plain words. We add no rules they do not state; when a rule changes, the definition and its date change.

  1. 1. CFPB · What are specialty consumer reporting agencies and what types of information do they collect? (external site) · in English · Verified on October 17, 2026
  2. 2. Legal Information Institute (Cornell Law School) · 15 U.S.C. § 1681a(x): definition of nationwide specialty consumer reporting agency (external site) · in English · Verified on October 17, 2026
  3. 3. CFPB · Consumer reporting companies (external site) · in English · Verified on October 17, 2026