The full explanation
How many references are needed depends on the loan product and how it is underwritten. In general it cannot replace a score you already have, even a low one.
An example
Valeria has never had a credit card, but she has paid her rent, electricity and phone on time for years. Her lender gathers the receipts and statements for those payments to build a nontraditional credit history.
You will see it in…
- Your credit report, when it says no score could be produced for lack of history
- The lender's document list: rent, utility or insurance receipts
- A nontraditional mortgage credit report