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Accessory dwelling unit (ADU): what it means

An accessory dwelling unit (ADU) is a living space, separate from the main house, on the same lot. It can be attached to the house, inside it or detached.

In Spanish it is

Unidad de vivienda accesoria (ADU)

Also written as: ADU

The full explanation

According to Fannie Mae, it must have its own entrance, kitchen, sleeping area and bathroom, and be smaller than the main house. If it can only be reached through the main house, or it is open to it with no privacy, it does not count as an ADU. A second kitchen alone does not make one either. Fannie Mae allows only one per lot, and not with a two- to four-unit home.

An example

Irene's parents live in a small cottage behind the house with its own entrance, kitchen and bathroom. The appraiser records it as an ADU in the appraisal, and the lender checks whether Irene can count rent from that unit.

You will see it in…

  • The appraisal of a home with an extra unit
  • Listings for homes with a cottage or separate unit
  • Your city's or county's building permits
A man leans over the armchair to help a teenage girl with her book.

Still confused by a paper?

A HUD-approved housing counselor can walk you through it. Agencies usually charge little or nothing, many work in Spanish, and they do not sell you anything.

Official sources

We sum up what these official sources say, in plain words. We add no rules they do not state; when a rule changes, the definition and its date change.

  1. 1. Fannie Mae · Selling Guide B2-3-04: Special Property Eligibility Considerations (accessory dwelling units) (external site) · in English · Verified on October 17, 2026