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High-cost mortgage (HOEPA): what it means

A high-cost mortgage is a loan secured by the home you live in whose annual percentage rate (APR), or points and fees, go over certain limits in the federal Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act (HOEPA). It can be a purchase loan, a refinance, or a home equity loan or line of credit.

In Spanish it is

Hipoteca de alto costo (HOEPA)

Also written as: HOEPA loan · high-cost home loan

The full explanation

Before making it, the lender must tell you in writing that it is high-cost and confirm that you received homeownership counseling. For these loans, the law bans things like prepayment penalties and most balloon payments. It does not apply, for example, to reverse mortgages.

An example

Teresa is offered a refinance with very high fees. The lender tells her in writing that it is a high-cost mortgage and that she must first get counseling about that loan. Teresa makes an appointment with a HUD-approved housing counselor.

You will see it in…

  • The special notice the lender gives you before closing
  • Offers to refinance or borrow against your home's value
  • The federal rules in Regulation Z
A grandmother pushes her grandson on a playground swing.

Still confused by a paper?

A HUD-approved housing counselor can walk you through it. Agencies usually charge little or nothing, many work in Spanish, and they do not sell you anything.

Official sources

We sum up what these official sources say, in plain words. We add no rules they do not state; when a rule changes, the definition and its date change.

  1. 1. Legal Information Institute (Cornell Law School) · 12 CFR § 1026.32: requirements for high-cost mortgages (external site) · in English · Verified on October 17, 2026
  2. 2. CFPB · What the new high-cost mortgage protections mean for consumers (external site) · in English · Verified on October 17, 2026