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Guide verification

What we verified in “Inheriting a home in Puerto Rico from the states”

This page is the guide’s verification record. Every statement with a rule, a figure or a date appears with the official source behind it, the exact place inside that source and the day we checked it. If a rule changes, we update the guide, this list and the date.

17 checked statements Verified on October 31, 2026 12 official sources

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Statements and where we checked them

The statements with rules, figures or dates, with the exact place in the source and the date we checked them.

  1. Under Puerto Rico's Civil Code, succession is governed by the law of the decedent's domicile at death; the forced-share (legítima) rules apply to every real property of the decedent located in Puerto Rico; the court distributes the assets under the applicable law or laws, wherever they are; possession, ownership and other property rights are governed by the law of the place where the property is located; and a will is valid in form if it meets the law of Puerto Rico, of the place where it was made, or of the testator's domicile when it was made.

    Sources 1 Código Civil de Puerto Rico de 2020 (Act 55-2020, rev. August 21, 2026), Arts. 49, 62 and 65: 'La sucesión por causa de muerte se rige por la ley del domicilio del causante en el momento de su fallecimiento'; 'Las normas relativas a las legítimas son aplicables a todo inmueble del causante sito en Puerto Rico'; 'El tribunal adjudica los bienes conforme a la ley o leyes aplicables, con independencia del lugar donde estos están sitos'; 'la posesión, la propiedad, y los demás derechos reales, así como su publicidad, se rigen por la ley del lugar donde estaban sitos'; 'La forma del testamento se rige por la ley de Puerto Rico, por la del Estado de su otorgamiento, o por la del Estado del domicilio del causante al momento de testar' Checked October 31, 2026

  2. Under the Real Property Registry Act, to record a document executed outside Puerto Rico, the act must be lawful under Puerto Rico's laws; the parties must have capacity under the laws of the place where it was executed; if it affects property of minors or incapacitated persons, Puerto Rico's laws must be followed; the document must be legalized by the competent authority of the place where it was executed and meet the requirements to authenticate it in Puerto Rico; and a notary in Puerto Rico must protocolize it, if no court process is required for it to take effect.

    Sources 2 Ley 210-2015 (rev. October 1, 2026), Art. 12, 'Documentos otorgados fuera del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico; requisitos': 'Que el asunto o materia del acto o contrato sea lícito y permitido por las leyes del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico'; 'Que los otorgantes tengan la aptitud y capacidad legal necesarias para el acto o contrato con arreglo a las leyes del país de otorgamiento'; 'Cuando se relacionen con bienes de menores de edad y de incapacitados'; 'Que el documento haya sido legalizado por la autoridad competente del país donde fue otorgado y contenga los requisitos necesarios para su autenticación'; 'Que el documento haya sido protocolizado por un notario en el Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, si para su eficacia no se requiere trámite judicial' Checked October 31, 2026

  3. Under the Notarial Act, every notarial document executed outside Puerto Rico must first be protocolized to have the effect of a public instrument, and the notary charges the same fees as if it had been executed in Puerto Rico.

    Sources 3 Ley Notarial de Puerto Rico (rev. August 27, 2026), Art. 38: 'Para que tenga eficacia de un instrumento público todo documento notarial otorgado fuera de Puerto Rico deberá ser previamente protocolizado, siendo obligación del notario cancelar los mismos derechos arancelarios, como si hubiera sido otorgado originalmente en Puerto Rico' Checked October 31, 2026

  4. Under the Civil Code, a power of attorney needs no special form, but it must be in a public instrument if it is for an act that must be done in a public instrument; powers to administer property must be in an authentic document; a power written in general terms covers only acts of administration; and selling, mortgaging or encumbering property requires a power that expressly authorizes it.

    Sources 1 Código Civil, Arts. 329 and 330: 'El poder no requiere forma especial alguna, pero el otorgado debe constar en un instrumento público para realizar un acto que deba extenderse en instrumento público'; 'Deben constar en documento auténtico'; 'los poderes para administrar bienes'; 'El poder redactado en términos generales solo comprende los actos de administración'; 'Para poder transigir, enajenar, hipotecar o gravar bienes se requiere un poder que así lo autorice expresamente' Checked October 31, 2026

  5. Under the Notarial Act, the notary is the legal professional who exercises a public function, authorized to attest to and authenticate the legal transactions done before them; their role is to receive and interpret the parties' wishes, give them legal form and draft the deeds and notarial documents.

    Sources 3 Ley Notarial, Art. 2: 'El notario es el profesional del Derecho que ejerce una función pública, autorizado para dar fe y autenticidad conforme a las leyes, de los negocios jurídicos'; 'Es su función recibir e interpretar la voluntad de las partes, dándole forma legal, redactar las escrituras y documentos notariales' Checked October 31, 2026

  6. According to Puerto Rico's Treasury (Hacienda), the estate tax return (planilla de caudal relicto), known as the inheritance return, reports the decedent's assets as of the date of death, wherever they are; it must be filed for people who were Puerto Rico residents at death and also for nonresidents who owned property in Puerto Rico; it is filed and signed by the administrator or anyone holding estate assets, such as the widow or widower, the heirs, the executor or their representative; and Hacienda issues the Lien Certificate, known as the Release (Relevo), which is needed to record the property in the heirs' names, to sell or refinance it and to receive bank accounts and other assets.

    Sources 5 Hacienda, 'Planillas de Contribución sobre Caudal Relicto': 'se conoce como la "Planilla de Herencia"'; 'se reportan los bienes poseídos por el difunto a la fecha de su fallecimiento'; 'dondequiera que esté localizada la propiedad'; 'Esta planilla debe rendirse con respecto a aquellos individuos que eran residentes de Puerto Rico al momento del fallecimiento. También, debe rendirse con respecto a aquellos individuos no residentes de Puerto Rico que, al momento de su fallecimiento, tenían propiedades localizadas en Puerto Rico.'; 'La planilla debe ser presentada y firmada por el administrador o por cualquier persona que tenga posesión o dominio de propiedad incluible en el Caudal Relicto'; 'el viudo o la viuda, los herederos, el administrador de bienes, el albacea testamentario o el representante legal o contador'; 'emite la Certificación de Gravamen, mejor conocida como Relevo'; 'Este Relevo es necesario para que los herederos puedan inscribir la propiedad a nombre del receptor de la misma y para efectuar cualquier transacción, incluyendo venta o refinanciamiento' Checked October 31, 2026

  7. According to Hacienda, the return form depends on the decedent's date of death, and the return is not considered filed if the wrong form is used; if there is real property, the special tax debt is checked with the decedent's Social Security number and the cadastral number; and the filing includes, among other things, the death certificate, a $25 internal revenue voucher, bank statements, a CRIM certification that the property owes no taxes and a Hacienda certificate that the decedent owed none.

    Sources 6 Hacienda, 'Pasos a seguir para solicitar una Certificación de Gravamen (Relevo)': 'Debe verificar el formulario que aplique dependiendo de la fecha de fallecimiento del causante. La planilla no se considerará rendida si se utiliza un formulario incorrecto.'; 'De existir una propiedad inmueble, deberá verificar la deuda de la Contribución Especial utilizando el número de seguro social del causante o donante y el número de catastro'; 'Certificado de Defunción, un Comprobante de Rentas Internas de $25, una copia de los estados bancarios, una Certificación del Centro de Recaudaciones de Ingresos Municipales (CRIM) que demuestre que la propiedad no adeuda contribuciones y un Certificado de Rentas Internas que indique que el causante no adeuda contribuciones' Checked October 31, 2026

  8. According to Hacienda's Administrative Determination 18-09, under Section 2021.01(d) of the Internal Revenue Code, the assets of any decedent, resident of Puerto Rico or not, who died after December 31, 2017 are not subject to any estate transfer tax; for those cases, the administrator must file under oath an informational return, Form SC 2800 C, within the 12 months after the death, completed in all its parts, including the detail of each asset, its adjusted basis and how the decedent acquired it; and issuing the Release may carry a fee of no more than $25.

    Sources 7 Hacienda, Determinación Administrativa Núm. 18-09, Parts II.A, II.B, II.E and III.A: 'no estarán sujetos a ningún tipo de contribución sobre la transferencia del caudal relicto los bienes de todo causante, sea o no residente de Puerto Rico al momento de su muerte, cuyo fallecimiento ocurra después del 31 de diciembre de 2017'; 'dentro del término de doce (12) meses inmediatamente siguientes a la fecha del fallecimiento del causante, una planilla informativa bajo juramento'; 'Modelo SC 2800 C, Planilla Informativa de Caudal Relicto'; 'debe estar completada en todas sus partes'; 'la base ajustada en manos del causante a la fecha de su fallecimiento'; 'la forma en que el causante adquirió dicha propiedad'; 'la cual no podrá exceder la cantidad de veinticinco dólares ($25)' Checked October 31, 2026

  9. According to Administrative Determination 18-09, the Internal Revenue Code creates a preferred lien in favor of the Government of Puerto Rico on the estate's assets for the decedent's taxes, including property taxes; Hacienda issues the Release only if it is shown that the decedent had no tax debts at death, and those debts include ones in a payment plan with Hacienda or CRIM; if the debts are under administrative or court review, it issues a Conditional Release with a bond; and if there are debts not under review, it may issue a Conditional Authorization to sell or finance the property to pay the taxes, if the value left subject to the lien is at least twice what is owed.

    Sources 7 Hacienda, Determinación Administrativa Núm. 18-09, Parts II.C, II.D and III.C: 'establece un gravamen preferente a favor del Gobierno de Puerto Rico sobre todos y cada uno de los bienes de un caudal relicto bruto'; 'las contribuciones impuestas bajo la Ley Núm. 83 de 30 de agosto de 1991'; 'el Departamento sólo emitirá el Relevo de Herencia'; 'en aquellos casos en que el Administrador o su representante autorizado demuestre que el causante no tenía Deudas Contributivas a la fecha de su muerte'; 'el término “Deudas Contributivas” también incluye aquellas deudas que estén bajo un plan de pago en el Departamento o el Centro de Recaudación de Ingresos Municipales (“CRIM”)'; 'Relevo de Herencia Condicionado'; 'será necesario que el Administrador preste una fianza'; 'El propósito de la Autorización Condicionada es permitir la venta de la propiedad u obtener financiamiento para el pago de cualquier contribución'; 'por lo menos el doble del monto no satisfecho' Checked October 31, 2026

  10. According to Hacienda's Internal Revenue Circular Letter 18-19, all estate transactions, including the Release request, are done only electronically in the Unified Internal Revenue System (SURI); they are reported by the estate's administrator, who can be a forced heir, the surviving spouse, the executor or partitioner named in the will, or a court-appointed administrator; and the administrator must register and have a taxpayer account in SURI, even without income.

    Sources 8 Hacienda, Carta Circular de Rentas Internas Núm. 18-19, Parts I and II.A: 'todas las transacciones relacionadas a caudales relictos'; 'incluyendo la Solicitud de Certificación de Cancelación de Gravamen correspondiente (“Relevos de Herencia”), se realizarán únicamente por medios electrónicos a través del Sistema Unificado de Rentas Internas (“SURI”)'; 'un Administrador será un individuo que sea heredero forzoso del causante, cónyuge supérstite, albacea o contador partidor nombrado por testamento, o haya sido designado mediante documento judicial como administrador judicial'; 'se requerirá que el Administrador se registre y tenga una cuenta de contribuyente en SURI'; 'Heredero A que es un individuo estudiante que no devenga ingresos' Checked October 31, 2026

  11. Under the Municipal Code, anyone who acquires a property, including by inheritance, must report the change of owner to CRIM on its form within the 30 days after, even if the transaction was already filed with the Registry; anyone who does not is liable for bills issued in the previous owner's name, with interest, surcharges and penalties, and for the tax lien on the property.

    Sources 4 Código Municipal de Puerto Rico (Act 107-2020, rev. October 15, 2026), Art. 7.052: 'ya sea por compraventa, donación, herencia, traspaso, cesión, dación, o cualquier otro método'; 'mediante el formulario creado por el CRIM al efecto, dentro de los treinta (30) días siguientes a la adquisición de la propiedad, independientemente de que haya presentado dicha transacción al Registro de la Propiedad'; 'será responsable del pago de los recibos expedidos a nombre del dueño o dueños anteriores'; 'con los intereses, recargos y penalidades correspondientes'; 'Será responsable también del gravamen contributivo que pese sobre la propiedad' Checked October 31, 2026

  12. Under the Municipal Code, when settling a decedent's assets, the property taxes those assets owe come before any other debt; no executor or administrator may divide or distribute the assets until all overdue taxes are paid; and no registrar may record the adjudication or partition of a decedent's property if current taxes have not been paid.

    Sources 4 Código Municipal, Art. 7.063(a): 'Al liquidar los bienes de fallecidos, las contribuciones adeudadas por dichos bienes tendrán prelación sobre cualquier otra clase de deudas'; 'Ningún albacea ni administrador de los bienes de un fallecido dividirá o distribuirá dichos bienes, hasta después que todas las contribuciones vencidas hayan sido satisfechas'; 'ningún registrador inscribirá ningún documento de adjudicación o participación de la propiedad de ningún fallecido, por la cual no hayan sido satisfechas las contribuciones corrientes' Checked October 31, 2026

  13. Under the Municipal Code, a property owned in common by several people, such as an estate, counts as one home for the exoneration, which is granted to any owner who lives there and has no exoneration elsewhere; and a house is residential if on January 1 its owner or the owner's family uses it as a home, as long as the owner receives no rent.

    Sources 4 Código Municipal, Art. 7.035(c) and (d): 'toda propiedad perteneciente en común proindiviso a varias personas ya sea sucesión'; 'será considerada como una sola vivienda'; 'se le otorgará exoneración a cualquier dueño que resida la propiedad y no goce de exoneración en alguna otra propiedad'; 'que el día primero (1ro) de enero del correspondiente año esté siendo utilizada como vivienda por su dueño o su familia'; 'siempre que el dueño no recibiera renta por su ocupación' Checked October 31, 2026

  14. According to the Department of Housing, to request authorization to sell, refinance or mortgage a property with restrictive conditions from the former CRUV, in case of death you submit the death certificate and the declaration of heirs or the court resolution, plus the CRUV deed, a recent title study and the CRUV mortgage balance.

    Sources 9 Departamento de la Vivienda, 'Adquisición y venta de propiedades': 'Requisitos para la autorización de venta / refinanciar / hipotecar y/o eliminar condiciones restrictivas impuestas por la CRUV'; 'En caso de muerte deberán suministrar copia del certificado de defunción y declaratoria de herederos y/o resolución'; 'Copia de la escritura de segregación/ compraventa/ donación y otros de la extinta CRUV'; 'Copia actualizada de estudio de título y/o certificación registral no mayor de seis meses'; 'Balance de cancelación de hipoteca constituida con la extinta CRUV (saldo)' Checked October 31, 2026

  15. According to the IRS, the proceeds from selling inherited property are generally included in gross income; to know whether the sale is taxable, you first find the basis, which for inherited property is generally its fair market value on the date of the decedent's death, whether or not an estate tax return (Form 706) is filed; if you sell for more than that basis, you have a taxable gain; and the sale is reported on Schedule D (Form 1040) or Form 8949.

    Sources 10 IRS, 'Gifts & inheritances' (FAQ), 'Is money received from the sale of inherited property considered taxable income?': 'Generally, yes. The gross proceeds from the sale of inherited property are included in gross income when considering the need to file'; 'report the sale on Schedule D (Form 1040), Capital Gains and Losses and/or Form 8949'; 'The fair market value (FMV) of the property on the date of the decedent's death (whether or not the executor of the estate files an estate tax return'; 'If you sell the property for more than your basis, you have a taxable gain.' Checked October 31, 2026

  16. According to IRS Publication 570, a U.S. citizen who is not a bona fide resident of Puerto Rico generally files a Puerto Rico return with only their Puerto Rico-source income and a federal return with their worldwide income, and can generally claim a foreign tax credit for the income tax paid to Puerto Rico on that income; and the source of gain from selling real property is generally determined by where the property is located.

    Sources 11 IRS Publication 570, 'Not a Bona Fide Resident of Puerto Rico': 'A Puerto Rico tax return reporting only your income from Puerto Rico sources'; 'A U.S. tax return reporting income from worldwide sources. Generally, you can claim a foreign tax credit for income taxes paid to Puerto Rico'; and 'Real property': 'The location of the property generally determines the source of income from the sale' Checked October 31, 2026

  17. According to the IRS, the federal estate tax is a tax on the right to transfer property at death; the gross estate includes everything the person owned or had certain interests in at death, such as cash, securities, real estate and insurance; a return (Form 706) must be filed only if the gross estate, with certain adjustments, exceeds the filing threshold for the year of death; and most relatively simple estates do not have to file one.

    Sources 12 IRS, 'Estate tax' (last reviewed October 23, 2026): 'The Estate Tax is a tax on your right to transfer property at your death'; 'consists of an accounting of everything you own or have certain interests in at the date of death'; cash and securities, real estate, insurance; filing required when the gross estate exceeds the filing threshold for the year of death; 'Most relatively simple estates' do not require the filing of an estate tax return Checked October 31, 2026

Sources

Each source on one line: who publishes it, its title, its address and the date we read it.

  1. 1. Government of Puerto Rico, Office of Management and Budget (Virtual Library) · Código Civil de Puerto Rico de 2020 (Act 55 of June 1, 2020, as amended) · bvirtualogp.pr.gov · Accessed October 31, 2026
  2. 2. Government of Puerto Rico, Office of Management and Budget (Virtual Library) · Ley del Registro de la Propiedad Inmobiliaria del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico (Act 210-2015, as amended) · bvirtualogp.pr.gov · Accessed October 31, 2026
  3. 3. Government of Puerto Rico, Office of Management and Budget (Virtual Library) · Ley Notarial de Puerto Rico (Act 75 of July 2, 1987, as amended) · bvirtualogp.pr.gov · Accessed October 31, 2026
  4. 4. Government of Puerto Rico, Office of Management and Budget (Virtual Library) · Código Municipal de Puerto Rico (Act 107-2020, as amended) · bvirtualogp.pr.gov · Accessed October 31, 2026
  5. 5. Puerto Rico Department of the Treasury (Hacienda) · Planillas de Contribución sobre Caudal Relicto · hacienda.pr.gov · Accessed October 31, 2026
  6. 6. Puerto Rico Department of the Treasury (Hacienda) · Pasos a seguir para solicitar una Certificación de Gravamen (Relevo) · hacienda.pr.gov · Accessed October 31, 2026
  7. 7. Puerto Rico Department of the Treasury (Hacienda) · Determinación Administrativa Núm. 18-09: estates of decedents who died after December 31, 2017 · hacienda.pr.gov · Accessed October 31, 2026
  8. 8. Puerto Rico Department of the Treasury (Hacienda) · Carta Circular de Rentas Internas Núm. 18-19: moving estate transactions to SURI · hacienda.pr.gov · Accessed October 31, 2026
  9. 9. Puerto Rico Department of Housing · Adquisición y venta de propiedades · vivienda.pr.gov · Accessed October 31, 2026
  10. 10. IRS · Gifts & inheritances (frequently asked questions) · irs.gov · Accessed October 31, 2026
  11. 11. IRS · Publication 570, Tax Guide for Individuals With Income From U.S. Territories · irs.gov · Accessed October 31, 2026
  12. 12. IRS · Estate tax · irs.gov · Accessed October 31, 2026

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