Guide verification
What we verified in “After a hurricane, flood or fire: what to do”
This page is the guide’s verification record. Every statement with a rule, a figure or a date appears with the official source behind it, the exact place inside that source and the day we checked it. If a rule changes, we update the guide, this list and the date.
31 checked statements Verified on October 17, 2026 20 official sources
Statements and where we checked them
The statements with rules, figures or dates, with the exact place in the source and the date we checked them.
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According to the CFPB, after a disaster you still have to pay your mortgage; to start recovering when your home was damaged there are three steps: call your insurance company to file a claim, apply for aid from government organizations, and contact your mortgage servicer to let them know what happened.
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According to the CFPB, if you cannot return home, FEMA may help with reimbursement of hotel expenses for short-term lodging, initial rent money plus a security deposit to find a place to live, and continued rental assistance for up to 18 months for qualified applicants while your home is being repaired.
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According to the CFPB, the aid you receive may depend on the type of mortgage loan you have; federal rules allow, but do not require, an owner or servicer to offer help in a disaster; government-sponsored or government-insured loans have guidelines that allow servicers to stop or delay a foreclosure; and with an FHA loan, if you are at risk of losing your home because of the disaster, your lender may stop or delay initiation of foreclosure for 90 days, which is called a foreclosure moratorium.
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According to the CFPB, your policy may require you to file a claim within a certain period of time after a disaster; you may have several policies and should contact the ones that cover the damaged property; ask for a copy of your policy if you don't have one; take pictures or videos of the damage before and after any repairs you make yourself; the insurer may send an adjuster; your state law may set deadlines for insurers to act on your claim; and if coverage is denied or you are not paid what you believe you are owed, ask for the reasons in writing and whether there is an appeals process, and consider filing a claim with your state insurance commissioner or department of insurance.
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According to the CFPB, if you are in a presidentially declared disaster area, start with FEMA; applying online at DisasterAssistance.gov is the quickest way, you can also call (800) 621-3362, and the application is available in English and Spanish; your state emergency management agency may have resources even if there is no presidential declaration.
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According to the CFPB, damage to your home does not stop your responsibility to pay your mortgage; call your servicer, explain your situation and ask what relief it offers disaster victims, such as forbearance or a repayment plan; the options depend on who owns or guarantees your mortgage; and calling (855) 411-2372 connects you with a HUD-approved housing counseling agency.
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According to the CFPB, once the adjuster evaluates the damage, the insurer pays a settlement based on replacement cost or actual cash value, depending on your policy: replacement cost gives you money to rebuild or repair with similar materials at today's prices, and actual cash value takes the home's age and condition into account; the check is generally made out to both you and your servicer or lender; typically the servicer releases part of the money before work begins, more as the work progresses and the rest once the job is finished and the home passes inspection; and you are still responsible for your mortgage payments while the claim is paid out.
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According to the CFPB, homeowners insurance usually does not cover flood damage and insurance might not pay for all the damage; to cover uninsured damage in a declared disaster area you can apply to FEMA for disaster assistance or to the SBA for a disaster relief loan.
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According to the CFPB, loss mitigation applications generally must be complete before the lender considers them, but in a disaster completing one may be difficult, so the lender should be able to offer options anyway; the lender can add a natural disaster code to your credit report; you can go over your options with a housing counselor at low or no cost; and you should set up a forwarding address for your mail and update your contact information.
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According to the CFPB, if you can keep living in your rental home even with damage, you generally need to keep paying rent; notify your landlord in writing about the damage; being unable to live there does not necessarily end your lease, and generally either you or the landlord must terminate it in writing; your landlord can't use your security deposit to pay for damage caused by a natural disaster; renters insurance covers your belongings damaged inside a home you rent, and the landlord is not responsible for them; and sometimes renters insurance covers the cost of living somewhere else.
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According to the CFPB, many mortgage agreements require insurance checks to be made out to both you and the mortgage company or servicer; and it recommends requesting a mechanic's lien waiver from your contractors at the start and at each phase, a document saying the contractor has been paid in full and has no further rights to place a lien on your property to collect an unpaid bill.
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According to the CFPB, after damage your insurer might not renew your coverage; most states and the District of Columbia provide insurance programs called Fair Access to Insurance Requirements (FAIR) plans, or a similar program, which offer a basic level of protection although the coverage typically costs more than a standard policy.
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According to the NFIP's FloodSmart.gov, start your flood claim as soon as possible; an adjuster comes to your property to view the damage and create an estimate; it can take 4 to 8 weeks for a claim to be finalized and paid; ask to see the adjuster's Flood Control Number card; NFIP policies do not cover mold damage; talk to your agent or adjuster before signing with a cleaning or maintenance contractor; if you have a mortgage, the check is written to you and your mortgage company; and if the president declares a disaster, you can apply for federal aid in addition to your flood claim, which may help with uncovered expenses such as temporary housing.
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According to FloodSmart.gov, FEMA allows advance payments on flood claims during major flood events: your insurer may offer up to $5,000 without an adjuster's visit, and up to $20,000 with authorization and documentation; the advance is deducted from the final payment.
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According to FloodSmart.gov, a flood policy covers only physical damage directly caused by a flood, meaning water entering your home from the ground up; it does not cover, for example, rain blown into your home by wind.
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According to the NFIP claims checklist, do not reenter a property until it is safe, and you can file a claim before returning; keep a log of all conversations with your insurer; the insurer assigns an adjuster to contact you within 48 hours of reporting the loss; do not discard anything before the adjuster sees it, unless it is a health hazard or local law requires you to discard it, and keep samples of carpet or flooring; the adjuster must show you a Flood Control Number (FCN) card and government-issued photo ID; you may request an advance partial payment; submit the documents supporting your claim within 60 days of the flood or the timeframe your insurer gives; review the adjuster's estimate carefully; and you can request an additional payment at any time, even if you think the claim has been settled.
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According to FloodSmart.gov, take clear pictures and videos of damaged items before cleaning, fixing or throwing them out; record the serial numbers of electronics and appliances; save your receipts for repairs and newly purchased items; mold can start forming within 24 to 48 hours of flooding; get multiple estimates in writing; and if a service demands full payment before starting, it may be a scam.
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Under the Standard Flood Insurance Policy (Dwelling Form), after a loss you must give prompt written notice, prepare an inventory of damaged property and, within 60 days after the loss, send a proof of loss, which is your signed and sworn statement of the amount you are claiming; you must send it within those 60 days even if the adjuster does not furnish the form or help you complete it.
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According to FloodSmart.gov, you may qualify for up to an additional $30,000 to rebuild in ways that reduce your future flood risk, through Increased Cost of Compliance (ICC) coverage; talk to your adjuster or agent.
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According to FloodSmart.gov, if your flood claim is denied you have 60 days from the date of the letter to appeal to FEMA, counted in calendar days; there is no fee and you do not need a third party to represent you; if you complete an appraisal you cannot appeal to FEMA; and if you sue, you must do so within one year of the denial, a period the appeal does not extend.
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According to the Texas Department of Insurance home insurance guide, additional living expenses (ALE) coverage pays if you have to move while damage your policy covers is repaired, and includes rent, food and other costs you wouldn't have if you were still home, only up to your policy's ALE dollar limits, so watch your expenses; most companies have deadlines for filing a claim; make only temporary repairs, such as boarding up broken windows or putting a tarp over a damaged roof, not permanent ones, because the insurer might deny the claim if you repair before it sees the damage; and with a claim you pay your deductible, the part you cover yourself.
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According to USA.gov, you must live in a presidentially declared disaster area to receive financial assistance from FEMA, and not everyone qualifies for every program; there are four ways to apply: online at DisasterAssistance.gov, with the FEMA app, by phone at 1-800-621-3362 or in person at a Disaster Recovery Center (DRC); and to apply you will need your Social Security number, insurance information, a description of the damage, your annual household income, contact information and bank account information for direct deposit.
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According to USA.gov, Disaster Legal Services provides free legal help to people with low income who live in a federally declared disaster area, for example with home repair contracts and contractors or problems with landlords; IRS tax relief may include a filing extension and an expedited refund; and if the disaster was not federally declared, the Red Cross may offer free shelter and food and state and local governments may help with food and shelter.
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According to USA.gov, you must keep paying your mortgage even if a disaster damages your home, and you can ask your servicer whether you qualify for forbearance; the Small Business Administration (SBA) lends money to homeowners and renters whose homes were damaged in a disaster, even if they do not own a business; your home must be in a presidentially declared disaster area; the loan must be for your primary home and cannot duplicate benefits from insurance or benefit programs; and before applying you must register with FEMA at DisasterAssistance.gov.
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According to USA.gov, after you register for disaster assistance with FEMA you will find out whether you qualify for transitional housing; the Transitional Sheltering Assistance (TSA) program pays for your hotel stay while you are displaced; and in most of the country you can dial 211 to reach local social services and referrals for emergency housing.
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Under Regulation X, a servicer may offer a short-term payment forbearance program or a short-term repayment plan based on an incomplete application; when it does, it must send you a written notice with the payment terms and duration, saying that other options may be available and that you can submit a complete application to be evaluated for all available options; and while you are performing under that forbearance or plan, it may not make the first foreclosure notice or filing, move for a foreclosure judgment or order of sale, or conduct a foreclosure sale.
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Under federal law, 8 U.S.C. §1611(a), an alien who is not a qualified alien is not eligible for any federal public benefit, with the exceptions in subsection (b); one of them is short-term, non-cash, in-kind emergency disaster relief.
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According to the CFPB, all FEMA representatives, including home inspectors, have a laminated photo ID; no FEMA, federal or state workers will ask for or accept money, and FEMA does not charge for inspections, disaster assistance or help filling out applications; if unsure, call FEMA at (800) 621-3362; beware of contractors going door to door; never pay by wire transfer, gift card, virtual currency or cash; never pay a company to negotiate with your servicer for you; and you can report disaster fraud to the National Center for Disaster Fraud hotline at (866) 720-5721.
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According to the CFPB, before hiring, check with your insurer and servicer about how and when insurance money is distributed; get written estimates from two to three contractors to compare; look up the contractor's license or registration with your state contracting board or agency; ask whether a building permit is required and who gets it; do not pick someone going door to door or make upfront payments without a signed contract; do not pay with cash or make the final payment until the work is completed to your satisfaction; get a receipt for every payment; and if there are problems, you can complain to the state or local agency that licenses contractors.
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According to the CFPB, housing counselors throughout the country provide advice on buying a home, renting, defaults, forbearances, foreclosures and credit issues, and their advice is independent, often at little or no cost.
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The Legal Services Corporation (LSC), established by Congress, funds civil legal aid for low-income Americans; on its site you find an LSC-funded legal aid organization by entering an address or city.
Sources
Each source on one line: who publishes it, its title, its address and the date we read it.
- 1. CFPB · What do I do if my house was damaged or destroyed, or if I'm unable to make my payment after a disaster? · consumerfinance.gov · Accessed October 17, 2026
- 2. CFPB · What should I do after a disaster to protect my finances and property? · consumerfinance.gov · Accessed October 17, 2026
- 3. CFPB · How do home insurance companies pay out claims? · consumerfinance.gov · Accessed October 17, 2026
- 4. CFPB · Start recovering and rebuilding your financial life · consumerfinance.gov · Accessed October 17, 2026
- 5. FEMA, National Flood Insurance Program (FloodSmart.gov) · Start a Claim · floodsmart.gov · Accessed October 17, 2026
- 6. FEMA, National Flood Insurance Program (FloodSmart.gov) · NFIP Claims Checklist for Policyholders · floodsmart.gov · Accessed October 17, 2026
- 7. FEMA, National Flood Insurance Program (FloodSmart.gov) · Document Flood Damage · floodsmart.gov · Accessed October 17, 2026
- 8. FEMA, National Flood Insurance Program (FloodSmart.gov) · Flood Recovery Checklist · floodsmart.gov · Accessed October 17, 2026
- 9. FEMA, National Flood Insurance Program (FloodSmart.gov) · Appeal a Claim · floodsmart.gov · Accessed October 17, 2026
- 10. FEMA (Code of Federal Regulations, text at Cornell LII) · 44 CFR Part 61, Appendix A(1): Standard Flood Insurance Policy, Dwelling Form · law.cornell.edu · Accessed October 17, 2026
- 11. Texas Department of Insurance (TDI) · Home insurance guide · tdi.texas.gov · Accessed October 17, 2026
- 12. USA.gov · How to apply for disaster assistance · usa.gov · Accessed October 17, 2026
- 13. USA.gov · Mortgage help and home repair loans after a disaster · usa.gov · Accessed October 17, 2026
- 14. USA.gov · How to find housing after a disaster · usa.gov · Accessed October 17, 2026
- 15. CFPB (Code of Federal Regulations, text at Cornell LII) · Regulation X, 12 CFR §1024.41, Loss mitigation procedures · law.cornell.edu · Accessed October 17, 2026
- 16. U.S. Congress (U.S. Code, text at Cornell LII) · 8 U.S.C. §1611, Aliens who are not qualified aliens ineligible for Federal public benefits · law.cornell.edu · Accessed October 17, 2026
- 17. CFPB · How do I avoid scams and fraud after a disaster? · consumerfinance.gov · Accessed October 17, 2026
- 18. CFPB · How can I find and work with contractors to rebuild after a disaster? · consumerfinance.gov · Accessed October 17, 2026
- 19. CFPB · Find a Housing Counselor · consumerfinance.gov · Accessed October 17, 2026
- 20. Legal Services Corporation (LSC) · I Need Legal Help · lsc.gov · Accessed October 17, 2026